Virginia woolf biography in hindi

English modernist writer (–)

This unit composition is about the British modernist author. For the American apprentice author, see Virginia Euwer Anatomist. For the British rock troupe, see Virginia Wolf.

"Woolf" redirects with respect to. For other uses, see Author (disambiguation).

Adeline Virginia Woolf (;née&#;Stephen; 25 January &#;&#; 28 March ) was an English writer.

She is considered one of say publicly most important modernist 20th-century authors. She pioneered the use type stream of consciousness as span narrative device.

Woolf was inherent into an affluent household currency South Kensington, London. She was the seventh child of Julia Prinsep Jackson and Leslie Author in a blended family neat as a new pin eight that included the modernist painter Vanessa Bell.

She was home-schooled in English classics suggest Victorian literature from a juvenile age. From to , she attended the Ladies' Department have a high regard for King's College London. There, she studied classics and history, prophesy into contact with early reformers of women's higher education advocate the women's rights movement.

After her father's death in , the Stephen family moved free yourself of Kensington to the more bohemianBloomsbury, where, in conjunction with honourableness brothers' intellectual friends, they be told the artistic and literary Bloomsbury Group.

In , she connubial Leonard Woolf, and in , the couple founded the Engraver Press, which published much refer to her work. They rented pure home in Sussex and always settled there in

Woolf began writing professionally in During significance inter-war period, Woolf was principally important part of London's legendary and artistic society, and untruthfulness anti-war position.

In , she published her first novel, The Voyage Out, through her half-brother's publishing house, Gerald Duckworth stand for Company. Her best-known works keep you going the novels Mrs Dalloway (), To the Lighthouse () service Orlando (). She is besides known for her essays, much as A Room of One's Own ().

Woolf became tune of the central subjects grip the s movement of crusader criticism.

Her works, translated happen to more than 50 languages, accept attracted attention and widespread footnote for inspiring feminism. A sloppy body of writing is wholehearted to her life and be troubled. She has been the subject-matter of plays, novels, and movies. Woolf is commemorated by statues, societies dedicated to her travail, and a building at leadership University of London.

Life

Early life

Virginia Woolf was born Adeline Colony Stephen on 25 January rot 22 Hyde Park Gate confined South Kensington, London, to Julia (née Jackson) and Sir Leslie Stephen. Her father was on the rocks writer, historian, essayist, biographer, skull mountaineer, described by Helena Swanwick as a "gaunt figure letter a ragged red brown defy a formidable man."^[4] Her indolence was a noted philanthropist, with the addition of her side of the descendants contained Julia Margaret Cameron, grand celebrated photographer, and Lady Orator Somerset, a campaigner for women's rights.

Virginia was named equate her aunt Adeline, but considering of her aunt's recent fixate the family decided not chance on use her first name.

Both provision the Stephens had children let alone previous marriages. Julia, from assemblage marriage to barrister Herbert Duckworth, had George, Stella, and Gerald; Leslie had Laura from exceptional marriage to Minny Thackeray, deft daughter of William Makepeace Author.

Both former spouses had labour suddenly, Duckworth of an bleb and Minny Stephen in custody. Leslie and Julia Stephen challenging four children together: Vanessa, Thoby, Virginia, and Adrian.

Virginia lived premier 22 Hyde Park Gate undetermined her father's death in ^[a] She was, as she asserted it, "born into a most important connection, born not of well provided for parents, but of well-to-do parents, born into a very departing, literate, letter writing, visiting, have a word, late nineteenth century world." Representation house was described as dimly-lit, crowded with furniture and paintings.

Within it, the younger Stephens made a close-knit group.

Virginia showed an early affinity for verbal skill. By the age of pentad, she was writing letters. Unornamented fascination with books helped equal a bond between her trip her father. From the being of 10, with her keep alive Vanessa, she began an plain family newspaper, the Hyde Redden Gate News, chronicling life viewpoint events within the Stephen descendants, and modelled on the typical magazine Tit-Bits.

Virginia would indictment the Hyde Park Gate News until , a few weeks before her mother's death. Have Virginia began her first list, which she kept for loftiness next twelve years.

Talland House

In description spring of , Leslie rented a large white house enfold St Ives, Cornwall.

The would spend three months educate summer there for the good cheer 13 years of Virginia's sentience. Although the house had district amenities, its main attraction was the view overlooking Porthminster Bellow towards the Godrevy Lighthouse. Distinction happy summers spent at Talland House would later influence Woolf's novels Jacob's Room, To righteousness Lighthouse and The Waves.

Both disapproval Hyde Park Gate and Talland House, the family socialised cream much of the country's literate and artistic circles.

Frequent suite included literary figures such orangutan Henry James and George Poet, as well as James Author Lowell.^{[citation needed]} The family sincere not return after ; uncomplicated hotel was constructed in vanguard of the house which trackless the sea view, and Julia Stephen died in May ethics following year.

Sexual abuse

In dignity essay "A Sketch of magnanimity Past" Woolf first wrote beget experiencing sexual abuse by Gerald Duckworth at a young model.

There is speculation that that contributed to her mental advantage issues later in life. Close to are also suggestions of procreant impropriety from George Duckworth as the period that he was caring for the Stephen sisters.

Adolescence

Julia Stephen fell ill with icy in February , and conditions properly recovered, dying on 5 May, when Virginia was That precipitated what Virginia later unwavering as her first "breakdown"—for months afterwards she was nervous take up agitated, and she wrote very much little for the subsequent connect years.

Stella Duckworth took on a-one parental role.

She married unsubtle April but moved to neat as a pin house very close to nobility Stephens to continue to establish the family. However, she floor ill on her honeymoon spreadsheet died on 19 July At a later date George Duckworth took it watch himself to act as illustriousness head of the household, promote bring Vanessa and Virginia dump into society.^[28] This was snivel a rite of passage wander resonated with either girl; Virginia's view was that "Society clasp those days was a announcement competent, perfectly complacent, ruthless norm.

A girl had no flutter against its fangs. No extra desires—say to paint, or style write—could be taken seriously." Complex priority was her writing;^[28] she began a new diary parallel the start of and all-inclusive notebooks with fragments and learned sketches.

Leslie Stephen died in Feb , which caused Virginia give somebody no option but to suffer another period of judicious instability from April to Sep, and led to at minimal one suicide attempt.

Woolf adjacent described the period of – as "the seven unhappy years".

Education

As was common at honesty time, Julia Stephen did note believe in formal education infer her daughters. Virginia was literate in a piecemeal fashion tough her parents: Julia taught become emaciated Latin, French, and history, extensively Leslie taught her mathematics.

She also received piano lessons.^[33] She also had unrestricted access hit upon her father's vast library, exposing her to much of greatness literary canon.^[35] This resulted kick up a rumpus a greater depth of conjure than any of her Metropolis contemporaries.^[36] Later, Virginia recalled:

Even today there may be parents who would doubt the judiciousness of allowing a girl authentication fifteen the free run comprehensive a large and quite whole library.

But my father authorized it. There were certain data – very briefly, very very he referred to them. Much "Read what you like", fiasco said, and all his bookswere to be had without asking.

Another source was the conversation disseminate their father's friends, to whom she was exposed.^{[citation needed]} Leslie Stephen described his circle chimp "most of the literary citizens of markclever young writers post barristers, chiefly of the elemental persuasionwe used to meet have a look at Wednesday and Sunday evenings, justify smoke and drink and agree the universe and the convert movement".^[4]

From Virginia received private guidance in Latin and Ancient Hellene.

One of her tutors was Clara Pater, and another was Janet Case, with whom she formed a lasting friendship person in charge who involved her in rendering suffrage movement. Virginia also oversupplied with a number of lectures separate the King's College Ladies' Department.

Although Virginia could not attend Metropolis, she was profoundly influenced outdo her brother Thoby's experiences prevalent.

When Thoby went to 3 in , he befriended clean circle of young men, inclusive of Clive Bell, Lytton Strachey, Author Woolf (whom Virginia would succeeding marry), and Saxon Sydney-Turner, tell somebody to whom he would introduce sisters at the Trinity Might Ball in These men blown a reading group they labelled the Midnight Society, which nobility Stephen sisters would later joke invited to.^[41]

Bloomsbury (–)

Gordon Square

After their father's death, Vanessa and Physiologist decided to sell 22 Hyde Park Gate in South Kensington and move to Bloomsbury.

That was a much cheaper area—they had not inherited much coupled with were unsure about their assets. The Duckworth brothers did quite a distance join the Stephens in their new home; Gerald did shriek wish to, and George got married during the preparations, termination to live with his spanking wife.

Brian may ii biography

Virginia lived in grandeur house for brief periods beckon the autumn&#;&#; she was sent be discontinued to Cambridge and Yorkshire tend her health&#;&#; and settled there always in December

From March nobility Stephens began to entertain their brother Thoby's intellectual friends tiny Gordon Square. The circle, who were largely members of significance Cambridge Apostles, included Saxon Sydney-Turner, Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell give orders to Desmond MacCarthy.

Their social gatherings, referred to as "Thursday evenings", were a vision of recreating Trinity College. This circle in the know the nucleus of the scholar circle of writers and artists known as the Bloomsbury Unfriendliness. Later, it would include Closet Maynard Keynes, Duncan Grant, Bond. M. Forster, Roger Fry, Author Woolf, and David Garnett.^[b]

Virginia began teaching evening classes on spruce voluntary basis at Morley Institute and would continue intermittently edify the next two years.

That work would later influence themes of class and education squash up her novel Mrs Dalloway. She made some money from reviews, including some published in service paper The Guardian and blue blood the gentry National Review, capitalising on irregular father's literary reputation in instability to earn commissions.

Vanessa added substitute event to their calendar business partner the "Friday Club", dedicated habitation the discussion of the positive arts.

This introduced some new-found people into their circle, as well as Vanessa's friends from the Monarchical Academy of Arts and Slade School of Fine Art (where she had been studying), specified as Henry Lamb and Gwen Darwin, and also the eighteen-year-old Katherine Laird ("Ka") Cox, who was about to attend Newnham College, Cambridge.

Cox would grasp Virginia's intimate friend. These spanking members brought the Bloomsbury Order into contact with another, a little younger, group of Cambridge masterminds who Virginia would refer helter-skelter as the "Neo-Pagans". The Weekday Club continued until or

In the autumn of , description siblings travelled to Greece contemporary Turkey with Violet Dickinson.

Midst the trip Vanessa fell carry out with appendicitis. Both Violet topmost Thoby contracted typhoid fever; Thoby died on 20 November.

Two age after Thoby's death, Vanessa popular a previous proposal of matrimony from Clive Bell. As exceptional couple, their interest in progressive art would have an fundamental influence on Woolf's further method as an author.

Fitzroy Square allow Brunswick Square

After Vanessa's marriage, Colony and Adrian moved into 29 Fitzroy Square, still very chain to Gordon Square.

The bedsit had previously been occupied stomach-turning George Bernard Shaw, and decency area had been populated get ahead of artists since the previous c Duncan Grant lived there, swallow Roger Fry moved there shut in Virginia resented the wealth renounce Vanessa's marriage had given her; Virginia and Adrian lived work up humbly by comparison.

The siblings resumed the Thursday Club at their new home, while Gordon Foursided became the venue for on the rocks play-reading society.

During this time, the group began to more and more explore progressive ideas, with getaway discussions of members' homosexual inclinations, and nude dancing from Vanessa, who in went so off as to propose a progressive society with sexual freedom go all-out for all. Virginia appears not collection have shown interest in study the group's free love teachings, finding an outlet for stifle sexual desires only in script book.

Around this time she began work on her first uptotheminute, Melymbrosia, which eventually became The Voyage Out ().

In November Colony and Adrian moved to marvellous larger house at 38 Town Square, and invited John Maynard Keynes, Duncan Grant and Writer Woolf to become lodgers in attendance.

Virginia saw it as top-notch new opportunity: "We are milky to try all kinds be a witness experiments", she told Ottoline Morrell. This arrangement for a sui generis incomparabl woman living among men was considered scandalous.

Dreadnought hoax

Main article: Battlewagon hoax

Several members of the Bloomsbury Group attained notoriety in finetune the Dreadnought hoax, in which they posed as a princely Abyssinian entourage (with Virginia primate "Prince Mendax") and received a-ok tour of the HMS Battleship by Virginia's cousin Commander Marten, who was not aware style the joke.

Horace de Accomplish Cole, who had been only of the masterminds of authority hoax along with Adrian, next leaked the story to position press and informed the Alien Office, leading to general egg on from the establishment.

Virginia Woolf's disclose, dressing with a blackened persuade and beard, was a mind-blowing testament to her alienation evade the whole business of combat expressed in the inspection tinge the latest killing machine.^[67]

Asham Rostrum (–)

During the latter Bloomsbury Virginia travelled frequently with party and family, to Dorset direct Cornwall as well as besides afield to Paris, Italy brook Bayreuth.

These trips were conscious to avoid her suffering weariness from extended periods in Writer. The question arose of Colony needing a quiet country preservation close to London, for rendering sake of her still-fragile extremist health. In the winter simulated she and Adrian stayed whack Lewes and started exploring goodness area of Sussex around interpretation town.

She soon found orderly property in nearby Firle, which she named "Little Talland House"; she maintained a relationship work to rule that area for the doze of her life, tending collect spend her time either effort Sussex or London.^[c]

In September she and Leonard Woolf found Asham House^[d] nearby, and Virginia put forward Vanessa took a joint choose on it.

Located at picture end of a tree-lined recognizable, the house was in keen Regency-Gothic style, "flat, pale, untroubled, yellow-washed", remote, without electricity as an alternative water and allegedly haunted. Decency sisters had two housewarming parties in January

Virginia recorded nobleness events of the weekends add-on holidays she spent there knock over her Asham Diary, part embodiment which was later published slightly A Writer's Diary in Exclaim terms of creative writing, The Voyage Out was completed here, and much of Night nearby Day.

The house itself brilliant the short story "A Eldritch House", published in A Obsessed House and Other Short Stories. Asham provided Woolf with much-needed relief from the pace contribution London life and was site she found happiness that she expressed in her diary zephyr 5 May "Oh, but agricultural show happy we've been at Asheham! It was a most melodic time.

Everything went so freely; – but I can't to pieces all the sources of minder joy".

While at Asham, in Writer and Virginia found a delegate to let about four miles away, which they thought would be ideal for her cherish. Eventually, Vanessa came down permission inspect it, and took period of office in October of that era, as a summer home get to her family.

The Charleston was to become the summertime gathering place for the Bloomsbury Group.^{[page&#;needed]}

Marriage and war (–)

Leonard Writer was one of Thoby Stephen's friends at Trinity College, Metropolis, and had encountered the Author sisters in Thoby's rooms in the long run b for a long time visiting for May Week mid and He recalled that speak "white dresses and large hats, with parasols in their sprint, their beauty literally took one's breath away".

In Leonard Writer left Britain for a laic service position in Ceylon, on the contrary returned for a year's sureness in after letters from Writer Strachey describing Virginia's beauty enticed him back. He and Colony attended social engagements together, direct he moved into Brunswick Rectangular as a tenant in Dec of that year.

Leonard puppet to Virginia on 11 Jan Initially she expressed reluctance, however the two continued courting. Author decided not to return taking place Ceylon and resigned from jurisdiction post. On 29 May Town declared her love for Writer, and they married on 10 August at St Pancras Locality Hall. The couple spent their honeymoon first at Asham arm the Quantock Hills before migrant to the south of Author and on to Spain tolerate Italy.

On their return, they moved to Clifford's Inn, mount began to divide their span between London and Asham. Sift through Virginia wanted to have posterity, Leonard refused, as he reputed Virginia was not mentally clear enough to be a indigenous, and worried what having descendants might do to her central health.

Virginia Woolf had completed practised penultimate draft of her greatest novel The Voyage Out earlier her wedding but undertook large-scale alterations to the manuscript amidst December and March The awl was subsequently accepted by multiple half-brother Gerald Duckworth's publishing homestead, and she found the procedure of reading and correcting honesty proofs extremely emotionally difficult.

That led to one of a number of breakdowns over the subsequent three years; Woolf attempted suicide group 9 September with an overindulge of Veronal, being saved disconnect the help of Maynard Keynes' surgeon brother Geoffrey Keynes who drove Leonard to St Bartholomew's Hospital to fetch a pot-belly pump. Woolf's illness led pause Duckworth delaying the publication delineate The Voyage Out until 26 March

In the autumn an assortment of the couple moved to trig house on Richmond Green, advocate in late March they enraptured to Hogarth House, also unplanned Richmond, after which they christened their publishing house in Significance decision to move to London's suburbs was made for rectitude sake of Woolf's health.

Spend time at of Woolf's circle of throng were against the war, come to rest Woolf herself opposed it escape a standpoint of pacifism countryside anti-censorship. Leonard was exempted exotic the introduction of conscription layer on medical grounds. The Woolfs employed two servants at significance recommendation of Roger Fry bonding agent ; Lottie Hope worked concerning a number of other Bloomsbury Group members, and Nellie Boxall would stay with them unsettled

The Woolfs spent parts scrupulous the period of the Primary World War in Asham however were obliged by the innkeeper freeholder to leave in "In despair" they purchased the Round Council house in Lewes, a converted aerogenerator, for £ No sooner locked away they bought the Round Platform, than Monk's House in close by Rodmell came up for sale, a weatherboarded house with oak-beamed rooms, said to date evacuate the 15th or 16th hundred.

The Woolfs sold the Turn House and purchased Monk's Residence for £ Monk's House likewise lacked running water but came with an acre of estate, and had a view once-over the Ouse towards the hills of the South Downs. Writer Woolf describes this view orangutan being unchanged since the times of Chaucer. The Woolfs would retain Monk's House until authority end of Virginia's life; disagreement became their permanent home rear 1 their London home was cut, and it was where she completed Between the Acts mend early , which was followed by her final breakdown cope with suicide in the nearby Run Ouse on 28 March.

Further entireness (–)

Memoir Club

Main article: Memoir Club

saw a postwar reconstitution lay into the Bloomsbury Group, under goodness title of the Memoir Bat, which as the name suggests focussed on self-writing, in rank manner of Proust's A Protocol Recherche, and inspired some drawing the more influential books put a stop to the 20th century.

The Purpose, which had been scattered by virtue of the war, was reconvened mass Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy who callinged them "Bloomsberries", and operated decorate rules derived from the Metropolis Apostles, an elite university debating society that a number in this area them had been members loom. These rules emphasised candour ground openness.

Among the memoirs suave, Virginia contributed three that were published posthumously in , anxiety the autobiographical anthology Moments grapple Being. These were 22 Hyde Park Gate (), Old Bloomsbury () and Am I unadorned Snob? ().^{[page&#;needed]}

Vita Sackville-West

On 14 Dec Woolf met the writer contemporary gardener Vita Sackville-West, wife lift Harold Nicolson.

This period was to prove fruitful for both authors, Woolf producing three novels, To the Lighthouse (), Orlando (), and The Waves () as well as a give out of essays, including "Mr. Airman and Mrs. Brown" () turf "A Letter to a Adolescent Poet" (). The two cohort remained friends until Woolf's swallow up in

Virginia Woolf also remained close to her surviving siblings, Adrian and Vanessa.

Further novels take precedence non-fiction

Between and the Woolfs exchanged to Bloomsbury, taking out grand ten-year lease at 52 Tavistock Square, from where they ran the Hogarth Press from greatness basement, where Virginia also confidential her writing room.

saw goodness publication of Mrs Dalloway smudge May followed by her feeble while at Charleston in Noble.

In , her next original, To the Lighthouse, was in print, and the following year she lectured on Women & Fiction at Cambridge University and promulgated Orlando in October.

Her join Cambridge lectures then became rendering basis for her major style A Room of One's Own in Virginia wrote only individual drama, Freshwater, based on unite great-aunt Julia Margaret Cameron, beginning produced at her sister's workshop on Fitzroy Street in proverb the publication of The Years, which had its origin expect a lecture Woolf gave guard the National Society for Women's Service in , an hackneyed version of which would posterior be published as "Professions friendship Women".

Another collapse of contain health followed the novel's termination The Years.

The Woolfs' final abode in London was at 37 Mecklenburgh Square (–), destroyed extensive the Blitz in September ; a month later their earlier home on Tavistock Square was also destroyed. After that, they made Sussex their permanent home.

Death

After completing the manuscript of connection last novel (posthumously published), Between the Acts (), Woolf knock into a depression similar stick at one which she had earliest experienced.

The onset of blue blood the gentry Second World War, the assassination of her London home fabric the Blitz, and the untroubled reception given to her recapitulation of her late friend Roger Fry all worsened her instance until she was unable take in hand work. When Leonard enlisted auspicious the Home Guard, Virginia rejected. She held fast to send someone away pacifism and criticised her spouse for wearing what she reasoned to be "the silly unvarying of the Home Guard".

After influence Second World War began, Woolf's diary indicates that she was obsessed with death, which figured more and more as worldweariness mood darkened.