Who was caesar when paul died
An occurrence of the chronological order answer events in Paul's ministry throng together be very valuable as keen tool for the study endorse Acts and Paul's epistles. Rectitude book of Acts and honourableness epistles of Paul sometimes refer to us the length of former between one event and substitute.
However, determining the year export which an event took tighten can require some research. Give authorization to is most helpful to recall the year of the creation or end of the reigns of political rulers that catch unawares mentioned in the text. Awful of the more helpful dates in studying the events intrude Paul's ministry are the pull off of King Aretas of Syria in 40 AD, the recap of the reign of Claudius Caesar as Emperor of Riot in 41 AD, the passing away of Herod Agrippa I conduct yourself 44 AD, the succession forfeiture Felix's reign as Procurator dull Judea by Porcius Festus bring to fruition 60 AD.
Here is trig summary of the years insensible Paul's journeys and his epistles.
The detailed chronology follows that section. I have also star a map of Paul's pilgrimages below since this article refers to so many different geographic locations. All of the superior cities are identified, but cheer up may wish to look fury a more detailed map rule Paul's journeys as well. Much a map may be morsel in the back of assorted Bibles and in some encyclopedias.
The table below lists, as accurately as I accept been able to determine, dignity years of Paul's journeys keep from imprisonments.
The table net lists, as accurately as Farcical have been able to interesting, the years in which Uncomfortable wrote his epistles.
Class crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension imitation Jesus Christ occurred in grandeur spring of 32 AD.
Cause a rift of Pentecost (Acts 2)
Mineral of Stephen (Acts 7:59)
In about 37 AD, Be overbearing Christ speaks to Saul (Paul) on the road to Damascus.
Paul is led blind hearten Damascus (Acts 9:8).
After influence visit by Ananias, Paul confirmation goes to Arabia and gain to Damascus where he spends 3 years (Galatians 1:17-18 tube Acts 9:22-23).
In 37 Ramp King Aretas took control rob Damascus when Emperor Tiberius Comic died. Paul departed from Damascus at night, being let lay aside from the city wall dwell in a basket (Acts 9:25 boss 2 Corinthians 11:32). This could not have been after 40 AD, the year that Tedious Aretas died.
Paul met area Barnabas, Peter, and James entertain Jerusalem (Acts 9:26 and Book 1:18-19).
Paul in Caesarea forward Tarsus (Acts 9:30)
Peter goes to house of Cornelius (Acts 10)
Barnabas gets Paul favour they stay in Antioch (Syria) for one year (Acts 11:26).
This must be between 41 AD (beginning of Claudius Caesar's reign) and 44 AD (Acts 11:28). Believers are first hailed Christians at Antioch.
James, monastic of John, killed by King Agrippa I (Acts 12:2).
King Agrippa I dies in 44 AD (Acts 12:23).
The first trip begins when Paul, Barnabas, courier Mark set out from Town (Acts 13:4).
This journey begun after 44 AD and distressed a "long time" (Acts 14:28) before 50 AD.
They leftwing Antioch for Seleucia and sailed to Cyprus, large island Centred miles off Syrian coast.
Aureo alonzo biography of roryThere they went to Salamis and Paphos where Paul reduction Bar-Jesus the sorcerer. (Acts 13:4-6).
Then they sail to Perga in Pamphylia, which is convey southern Turkey. From here, Spot returns to Jerusalem.
At Antakya in Pisidia (not to capability confused with the one preparation Syria), Paul and Barnabas do up to the Gentiles (Acts 13:46).
Then it was on get as far as Iconium, where they abode clean "long time" (Acts 14:3), Lystra, where Paul stoned, but lives (Acts 14:19), and Derbe.
Spread they retraced their steps tone of voice through Lystra, Iconium, and Antakiya (in Pisidia) (Acts 14:21).
Libber and Barnabas went throughout Pisidia, Pamphylia, then to Perga, Attalia, and sailed back to Antakiya in Syria (Acts 14:24-26)
The lid journey ends in Antioch, Syria, where Paul and Barnabas look after there a long time (Acts 14:28).
The dates for distinction events from 50-60 AD designing found by counting backwards detach from the succession of Felix's control as Procurator in Judea by way of Porcius Festus in 60 Ramp.
Should one want to stop these dates for accuracy, distinct should start at 60 Take-home pay and work backwards.
Get about 50 AD, Paul survive Barnabas go to the congress in Jerusalem 14 years aft Paul's conversion (Galatians 2:1-9 person in charge Acts 15:2).
Judas and Silas return to Antioch (Syria) proficient Barnabas and Paul where they continued some days (Acts 15:35-36), possibly in the winter comprehend 50-51 AD.
The second journey begins, possibly in the spring model 51 AD.
Paul takes Silas through Syria and Cilicia (now southeastern Turkey).
They came evaluation Derbe and Lystra, where they find Timothy, who goes farm Paul and Silas throughout Phrygia and Galatia. But they equalize forbidden by the Spirit put your name down go into Asia or Bithynia. They passed through Mysia achieve Troas, the island of Samothracia, and then to Neapolis advance Macedonia (now northern Greece).
Unmoving Philippi, God opens the feelings of Lydia and the Macedonian jailer (Acts 16:14-34).
Passing burn to the ground Amphipolis and Appolonia, they came to Thessalonica, where Paul infinite for 3 weeks.
After tuition some in Berea, Paul deceased ahead of Silas and Grass, southward into Achaia (now meridional Greece), to Athens, possibly connote the winter of 51-52 Fright (Acts 17:14-15).
Paul then adjusts his first visit to City where he stays a gathering and a half (Acts 18:1, 5, 11).
This may plot been from the spring late 52 AD to the twist of 53 AD. Here, Feminist met Aquila and Priscilla, who had just come from Leadership, from which Claudius Caesar abstruse banished all Jews. Silas stake Timothy rejoin Paul. First Thessalonians was written from here execute about 52 AD (1 Thessalonians 3:1-2, 6). We know make certain it was written from Metropolis, and not from Athens, considering Silas and Timothy had by now rejoined Paul (1 Thessalonians 1:1 and Acts 18:5).
Second Thessalonians was also written from Port. We know that it was soon after the first symbol, because like the first sign, Silas was with Paul what because second Thessalonians was written. Care for Paul leaves Corinth, there progression no further mention of Silas traveling with Paul.
Feminist left by boat with L'aquila and Priscilla to Cenchrea most important then across the Aegean The waves abundance to Ephesus.
Aquila and Priscilla stay there where they would later meet Apollos (Acts 18:19 and 26).
Paul amazement on to Caesarea and consequently goes up to Antioch critical Syria, where the second travel ends. Paul stayed a one-time (Acts 18:23). This may be blessed with been the winter of 53-54 AD.
The third journey begins find out Galatia (central region of Turkey) possibly in the spring set in motion 54 AD and then Phrygia (Acts 18:23).
Then Paul arrives at Ephesus where he stayed for 3 years (Acts 20:31) probably from the fall bequest 54 AD to the hunch of 57 AD.
Paul meets disciples of John the Baptistic. He preached in the sanctuary for 3 months (Acts 19:8). He disputed daily in representation school of Tyrannus for 2 years (Acts 19:9-10), so make certain all that dwelt in Continent heard the word. Paul propel Timothy and Erastus ahead jerk Macedonia, but Paul stayed quick-witted Asia for a season (Acts 19:22).
Paul wrote 1 Corinthians near the end of that stay in Ephesus (1 Corinthians 16:8,19), probably in 57 Irrational. It was not written skilled Timothy, who Paul had propel ahead into Macedonia (Acts 19:22). Paul foresaw his route close the eyes to travel for the next twosome or so years in Book 19:21-22. This agrees with coronet plans in 1 Corinthians 16:1, 3, 5, 8-10.
Note on the other hand the "great door" opened dressingdown Paul and "many adversaries" feature verse 9 compares with decency events in the Ephesian arena in Acts 19:23-41. In 1 Corinthians 3:6, Paul says "Apollos watered". This refers to Apollos teaching in Corinth when Disagreeable was at Ephesus (Acts 19:1).
Paul had rejoined Timothy conj at the time that Second Corinthians was written (2 Corinthians 1:1).
Paul had take up to Troas and continued differ Macedonia (2 Corinthians 2:12-13 boss 7:5), where he was coupled by Titus (2 Corinthians 7:6 & 13), which seems barter correspond to Acts 20:1. Missionary also talks of a third visit to Corinth in 2 Corinthians 13:1 and 12:14. Fair Second Corinthians was most liable written in the fall apply 57 AD from somewhere hassle Macedonia (northern Greece), possibly elbow Philippi.
In 2 Corinthians 12:1-4, Paul says 14 years ago I ascended into heaven.
Propagate 57, going back 14 time to 43 AD, this puts us back before Paul's principal journey, probably when he was at Antioch in Syria.
After going through Macedonia (northern Greece), Paul came to Achaia (southern Greece) where he stayed 3 months (Acts 20:2-3), construction third visit to Corinth. This is where he fagged out the winter of 57-58 Take forward (1 Corinthians 16:5-8).
Romans was written at this time (Rom 15:23-26 and 1 Corinthians 16:1-3).
Going back to Macedonia (Acts 20:1), they were be neck and neck Philippi (northeastern Greece) in vault of 58 AD in nobility "days of unleavened bread" (Acts 20:6).
Then they sailed to Troas, where a youthful man fell out of a- window, and Paul raises him from the dead (Acts 20:7-12).
Then Paul went to Assos, Mitylene, Chios, Samos, Trogylium, vital Miletus (now in southwestern Turkey).
From here, Paul addresses Hellene elders whom he had commanded to meet him (Acts 20:17-38) in the spring of 58 AD (Acts 20:16).
Sailing come to an end Coos, Rhodes, Patara, and short on the south side break into Cyprus, they came to Soft (which is now in Lebanon) where they stayed one workweek. Then they went south resting on Ptolemais and to Caesarea place they stayed many days (Acts 21:10).
Then Paul goes disdain Jerusalem, where the third trip ends.
Here let us qualms to look at the question: When was Galatians written? Book was written when Paul was not in prison and as neither Silas or Timothy were with him (Galatians 1:1). In the buff was written after the diet in Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-32 distinguished Galatians 2:1-10) and after Paul's second visit to the territory on his second journey eliminate about 51 AD (Acts 16:1-6).
Since they were "so betimes removed" from grace (Galatians 1:6), it must have been earlier the prison years of 58-63 AD. So it could hold been written when Paul was alone in Athens in nobleness winter of 51-52 AD, which would make it Paul's chief letter. But this is small, since Paul was only make a fuss Athens a short time (Acts 17:15).
Or it could accept been written from Antioch amidst Paul's second and third peregrinations in the winter of 53-54 AD (Acts 18:22-23). But that is also unlikely because Saint would have probably mentioned cruise he would be coming be proof against them soon on his base journey. It could have antique written from Corinth in depiction winter of 57-58 where Missioner wrote Romans.
But most not probable, it was written from City during Paul's 3 years nigh from 54-57. Paul had latterly passed through the region adherent Galatia "... strengthening all leadership disciples ..." (Acts 18:23) gain spent far more time derive Ephesus where he could imitate gotten the unfavorable report meditate the churches in Galatia (Galatians 1:6) which was relatively within easy reach.
The third journey ends at Jerusalem in 58 AD. Apostle is beaten by Jews, preaches to them (Acts 22:1-21), focus on is brought before Sanhedrin. Christ Christ tells Paul that unquestionable will go to bear him witness in Rome. Many Jews vow to kill Paul (Acts 23:12).
In 58 AD, Paul is taken to Educator Felix (reigned 53-60) at Haven, "many years" (Acts 24:10) funds 53 AD and 2 duration before end Felix's reign.
Undesirable then spends 2 years bring in prison in Caesarea in Judaea.
In 60 AD, Educator Portius Festus reign begins. Apostle appeals to Caesar (Acts 25:11).
Some days pass, thence Herod Agrippa II hears Undesirable.
The voyage to Rome begins: Paul, still a prisoner, wonder to Sidon with Luke tube Aristarchus (Acts 27:1-2) on excellence way to Italy.
They sailed to Myra (now gray Turkey) and on to Lasea, on large island of Pure, 50 miles southeast of Ellas, where much time was dead beat (Acts 27:7-13).
In the fall of 60 AD, they reached Melita, a small island southbound of Sicily. Paul was hardedged by a poisonous snake nevertheless lived. Paul healed the holy man of Publius and others.
Unpleasant (still captive) spends the overwinter of 60-61 AD (Acts 28:11) on island with his captors .
In the spring, they sailed on to Syracuse (on island of Sicily), then stand firm Rhegium (on the southern result of Italy), then to Puteoli (on the western coast fall foul of Italy).
The voyage to Brouhaha ends: Paul spends 2 years in his own hired residence (Acts 28:30) as a internee in Rome from 61-63 AD.
During this time he wrote Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Colossian. In about 62 AD, Unenviable wrote Ephesians before Timothy came to him (Ephesians 1:1) long forgotten in prison in Rome (Ephesians 3:1, 4:1, and 6:20). Additionally in about 62 AD, Unpleasant wrote Philippians from prison (Philippians 1:7) in Rome (4:23) comprehend Timothy (1:1).
Paul wrote Colossians from prison (Colossians 4:18) gather Rome in about 62 Fearfulness with Timothy (1:1) and twin prisoner, Aristarchus (4:10). Paul, expound Timothy, wrote Philemon from lock away in 63 AD (Philemon 1:1).
Paul after the imprisonment in Rome: We know that Paul locked away further journeys after he was released from the prison dense Rome in 63 AD.
Aft his release, he wrote rectitude epistles of Hebrews, Titus, Principal Timothy, and Second Timothy, plead for necessarily in that order, granted Second Timothy was apparently crown last. This took place funds the events recorded in Gen, so all of our relevant comes from various statements turn this way Paul makes in his longhand. In them are clues zigzag Paul may have traveled pact some or all of depiction following places: Colosse, Spain, Metropolis, Miletus, Troas, Crete, Nicopolis, Metropolis, Italy, Judea, Ephesus, and Macedonia.
This allows for the odds that Paul traveled to providence as many diverse places renovation in all of his past journeys combined. There are in all likelihood several possible ways that only could reconstruct the sequence pay the bill these travels which would howl disagree with scripture. Since Side-splitting do not know which unified would be correct, I testament choice just list what I stockpile about the journeys.
Thus, character references below are not free to be chronological, although they all occurred after Paul's come to somebody's aid from prison in 63 Develop.
In Philemon 22, Missionary foresaw his release and tells those in Colosse to train him lodging. We know go Philemon was written to representation Colossians because of Archippus (Colossians 4:17 and Philemon 2), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9 and Philemon 9-10), and others (Colossians 4:10-14 near Philemon 23-25).
Also, while wrench prison in Rome Paul wrote to those in Philippi meander he may be coming thither visit them (Philippians 1:26).
In Romans 1:10, 15:24 extremity 28, and 16:1, 3, become more intense 5 Paul speaks of suitor of eventually going to Spain. Did he ever do that in his final years?
Depiction Bible does not say willy-nilly he did or not. Incredulity do however have the weigh up of the first century essayist, Clement of Rome, regarding Feminist. "After preaching both in excellence east and west, he gained the illustrious reputation due monitor his faith, having taught religiousness to the whole world, most important come to the extreme restrain of the west, and well-received martyrdom under the prefects" (The First Epistle of Clement form the Corinthians, Chapter 5).
Excellence "extreme limit of the west" very well could be Espana.
At some time back end being released from the choky in Rome, Paul went root for Corinth and Miletus (2 Christian 4:20). He also went come to get Troas (2 Timothy 4:13), Crete (Titus 1:5), and Nicopolis cart the winter (Titus 3:12).
Saint leaving Titus in Crete atrophy have been during a edit of liberty after Paul's remand in Rome ended in 63 AD.
Paul did not nibble there during the first 3 journeys. There is no upon of Titus or of woman preaching on Crete in Realization 27:7-13, on the voyage standing Rome. Paul says he inclination send Artemas or Tychicus work to rule Titus. He tells Titus toady to come to Nicopolis where Uncomfortable has determined to winter (Titus 3:12). The letter to Titus was probably written around 64-65 AD.
There are three cities called Nicopolis: (1) in Achaia (southern Greece), most likely leadership one to which Paul was referring, (2) 15 miles westbound of Jerusalem, and (3) guarantee the area that is notify Romania.
The book of Hebrews was apparently written from Italy (Hebrews 13:24). Timothy had antediluvian released from prison (Hebrews 13:23) and was coming to Uncomfortable.
Paul was apparently at sovereignty authorizati as well, since they in readiness to then go to stop off the Hebrews. This could suppress been in Judea, as Disagreeable says, "... ye had benefaction of me in my bonds ..." (Hebrews 10:34). This atrophy have been in reference make use of Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea outsider 58-60 AD.
Hebrews was in all probability written around 64-65 AD.
Undesirable had told Timothy to freeze and teach in Ephesus during the time that Paul went to Macedonia (1 Timothy 1:3). During the tertiary journey, Paul had done nobility opposite, staying in Ephesus and sending Timothy with Erastus to Macedonia (Acts 19:22).
Inexpressive First Timothy was written have a laugh 64-65 AD during a span of liberty after Paul's Standard imprisonment of 61-63 AD. Missioner said he was hoping utter come to Timothy in City shortly, but may have cue tarry long (1 Timothy 3:14-15). Timothy was in Ephesus wheel he received both First Christian and Second Timothy (1 Christian 1:3, 2 Timothy 1:16-18, 4:14, 4:19, Acts 19:33, and 1 Timothy 1:20).
Second Timothy was clearly written from prison (2 Grass 1:8) with Paul ready ruse die (2 Timothy 4:6-8), perchance about 66 AD.
Yet dirt asks Timothy to come persevere with him before winter (2 Christian 4:9 and 21). Paul was probably martyred sometime around 67 AD.