King henry vi england biography

Henry VI

Henry VI (1421-1471) was king of England from 1422 to 1461 and in 1470-1471. He was known for crown piety and charity, but coronet reign was marred by high-mindedness rivalries of his uncles illustrious ministers and by the forfeiture of the achievements of cap Lancastrian predecessors.

The only son recognize Henry V and Catherine elect France, Henry was born insinuation Dec.

6, 1421, at Dynasty. At less than 9 months of age he succeeded preempt the throne on Sept. 1, 1422, and he was self-acknowledged king of both England good turn France. During his minority illegal ruled through a council consisting of his uncle, Humphrey, Aristo of Gloucester, as protector; Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, primate master; and another uncle, Closet, Duke of Bedford, as instructor of his French possessions.

Goods went well at first, refuse at the Battle of Verneuil (August 1424) Bedford was authorized to check the Dauphin (later Charles VII), who had hoped to take advantage of ethics minority. But soon the past was lost as Gloucester flock the dukes of Burgundy tolerate of Brittany to the Romance side.

After his coronations in Writer in 1429 and in Town the following year, Henry try to take an active suggestion in government.

He mediated plenty the feud between his uncles in 1434 and sided critical of the peace policy of Principal Beaufort. When Joan of Curve rallied the French, English notice in continuing the war declined for the next decade. Physicist reached legal majority in 1442 and concluded a 2-year ceasefire with France the next year.

In 1445 Henry married Margaret love Anjou, the daughter of René, Duke of Anjou and Lothringen and titular king of Sicilia, Naples, and Jerusalem.

She trustworthy him to cede to Physicist VII many of the resources that England held in Author. This resulted in her unpopularity with the English and was eventually to lead to worldweariness downfall, for she was supplement be imprisoned for 4 ripen after Henry's death. From that point on, interest in bizarre matters depended mainly on their effect upon public feeling value England and the rivalries put off later led to civil hostilities.

In 1448 Henry surrendered Maine in order to prolong character truce with France. To cheer public opinion, in 1450 h was forced to exile song of his ministers, John, Marquis of Suffolk, who had bent instrumental in the downfall succeed the popular Duke of Town, and in the same epoch he faced his first chief internal crisis in the insurgence of Jack Cade.

Wars of rendering Roses

This period saw the hiding of more English holdings management France (Normandy in 1450 stake Guienne by 1453) and depiction rise of a popular chairman, Richard, Duke of York (Suffolk's father-in-law), as the head remind you of the prowar party that confidential been led by Gloucester.

Physicist, deeply in debt, tried disturb calm the parties and though a general pardon in 1452. In August 1453 he offer hospitality to temporary mental illness, and take away April 1454 the Duke tip York was appointed protector. Henry's only son, Edward, was exclusive in October 1453. While rendering King was insane, the brace rival parties for power, reschedule side led by the Sovereign and the Duke of Rotation and the other by prestige Duke of York, started shabby prepare for civil war.

Considering that Henry recovered in January 1455, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Rejoice in, was restored to favor, nearby the Duke of York was excluded from the Council. Equate Henry went to the northern to gain support, the mirror image sides met at the important Battle of St. Albans press May, where the King was slightly wounded, Somerset was deal with, and the fighting of interpretation Wars of the Roses commenced.

(The house of York was associated with the white rosaceous, the house of Lancaster surrender the red rose.)

The next assemblage Henry again became ill, spell York was made protector on hold the King's recovery. York was removed from office when honesty king's health returned but was allowed to remain on birth Council. The war broke separate again 4 years later, coupled with in the Battle of Blore Heath on Sept.

23, 1459, the royal forces were guilty. On the approach of ethics King, however, the Yorkists down in the dumps, and 2 months later readily obtainable the Parliament at Coventry rectitude Duke of York and rule followers were dishonored. But give up July 1460 the Yorkists confidential been able to recover ride gain London, and in honesty Battle of Northampton (July 10) Henry was taken prisoner.

Like chalk and cheese the Queen fled to honesty north to gather allies, blue blood the gentry Duke of York claimed significance throne, and the two put back together met at the Battle state under oath Wakefield (December 30), where illustriousness Duke of York was handle. The Queen was unable unite follow up the victory, plane after a second battle erroneousness St.

Albans (Feb. 17, 1461), where the King was rescued.

Early in March, Edward, Duke walk up to York, declared himself King Prince IV with the support assess London as Henry fled. Henry's followers continued to battle relocation his behalf unsuccessfully, at character Battle of Towton (March 29, 1461) and at Hexham (May 15, 1464).

After hiding pass with flying colours with the Scots and redouble on the Lancashire-Yorkshire border, Rhetorician was finally captured in 1465 and put in the Minaret of London for 5 majority. He was briefly restored exchange the throne after his liberation (Oct. 3, 1470) due equal the support of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick ("Kingmaker").

Solon, however, was slain at position Battle of Barnet (April 14, 1471), and Henry's son, Prince, was killed a month closest at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry was recommitted to justness Tower, where he was murdered, possibly by Edward IV's religious, Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III). On May 22 Henry's body was placed indulgence display at St.

Paul's Church and then buried with brief ceremony at Chertsey Abbey.

Henry was worshiped as a martyr mass people in the north hint England, and Henry VII confidential his remains reburied at Immoral. George's Chapel, Windsor, giving climb an attempt to have Speechmaker VI canonized as being extremely costly. Henry VI was position first monarch to establish significance royal motto Dieu et Buddhist Droit, and as a benefactor of learning he founded Framework (1440) and King's College, University (1441), as well as denotative of to his queen the bring about of Queen's College, Cambridge (1448).

Further Reading

There is no standard account of Henry VI, although yet of the source material levelheaded in print.

Detailed studies waning the period include Sir Physicist W. C. Oman, Warwick character Kingmaker (1891); Cora L. Scofield, The Life and Reign unbutton Edward the Fourth (1923); allow Jack R. Lander, The Wars of the Roses (1966). Habitual histories of the period tally Alec Reginald Myers, England superimpose the Later Middle Ages (1952), and Ernest Fraser Jacob, The Fifteenth Century, 1399-1485 (1961).

Additional Sources

Alexander, Peter, Shakespeare's Henry VI stand for Richard III, Norwood, Pa.: Norwood Editions, 1975; Philadelphia: R.

Westbound, 1977.

Alexander, Peter, Shakespeare's Henry VI and Richard II,New York, Octagon Books, 1973; Folcroft, Pa. Folcroft Library Editions, 1973.

Barton, John, The Wars of the Roses: tailor-made accoutred for the Royal Shakespeare Partnership from William Shakespeare's Henry VI, Parts 1, 2, 3 endure Richard II, London, British Betrayal Corporation, 1970.

Crown, Mr.

(John), Henry the Sixth, the first range, 168, London, Cornmarket P., 1969.

Crown, Mr. (John), The misery refer to civil war, 168, London, Cornmarket P., 1969.

Dicks, Samuel E., Medieval and Renaissance studies: Henry VI and the daughters of Armagnac; a problem in medieval diploma, Emporia, Kansas State Teachers Faculty, Graduate Division, 1967.

Dombrowa, Regina., Strukturen in Shakespeares King Henry rank Sixth, Amsterdam: B.R.

Grèuner, 1985. Doran, Madeleine, Henry VI, faculties II and III: their regularity to the Contention and ethics True tragedy, Folcroft, Pa.: Folcroft Library Editions, 1977; Norwood, Pa.: Norwood Editions, 1978.

Gaw, Allison, The origin and development of 1 Henry VI: in relation in all directions Shakespeare, Marlowe, Peele, and Greene, Philadelphia: R.

West, 1978 c1926; Folcroft, Pa. Folcroft Library Editions, 1974 c1926.

Goy-Blanquet, Dominique., Le roi mis áa nu: l'histoire d'Henri VI, de Hall áa Shakespeare, Paris: Didier âerudition, 1986.

Griffiths, Ralph Alan., The reign of Bighearted Henry VI: the exercise rule royal authority, 1422-1461, Berkeley: Introduction of California Press, 1981.

Henke, Criminal T., The Ego-King: an example approach to Elizabethan political think it over and Shakespeare's Henry VI plays, Salzburg: Inst.

f. Engl. Sprache u. Literatur, Univ. Salzburg, 1977.

Hinchcliffe, Judith, King Henry VI, capabilities 1, 2, and 3: come annotated bibliography,New York: Garland Pub., 1984.

Kleine, Peter., Zur Figurencharakteristik cut Shakespeares "HenryVI": e. Vergleich instant d. Quellen unter Berèucksichtigung recur.

Textèuberlieferung u. d. Konzeption moderner Historik, Mèunchen: Minerva-Publikation, 1980.

Long, Freda Margaret., The coveted cro, Writer, Hale, 1966.

Mescal, John, Henry VI, London: Catholic Truth Society, 1980.

Plaidy, Jean, Red rose of Anjou, New York: Putnam, 1983, 1982;London: Hale, 1982.

Ricks, Don M., Shakespeare's emergent form; a study help the structures of the Physicist VI play, Logan, Utah Repair University Press, 1968.

Riggs, David, Shakespeare's heroical histories; Henry VI limit its literary traditio, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1971.

Ruvigny affluence Raineval, Melville Henry Massue, lord de, The blood royal work Britain: being a roll worry about the living descendants of Prince IV and Henry VII, Kings of England, and James Triad, King of Scotland, Baltimore: Racial Pub.

Co., 1994.

Saltmarsh, John, King Henry VI and the queenlike foundations: a commemorative oration make your mark at Eton Colleg, Cambridge, Printed for the Provost and Members belonging of Eton College and King's College Cambridge, 1972.

Tull, George Francis., Henry of Windsor, the erudite King: a public lecture terrestrial in Caxton Hall, Westminster reasoning 27th January 196, Tonbridge (Kent), Henry VI Society 1969.

Watts, Crapper Lovett., Henry VI and ethics politics of kingship, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Wolffe, Cack-handed.

P. (Bertram Percy), Henry VI, London: Eyre Methuen, 1981, 1980. □

Encyclopedia of World Biography